Type Small Molecule Groups Approved, Vet approved StructureĮpinephrine injection is indicated in the emergency treatment of allergic reactions (Type I) including anaphylaxis to stinging insects (e.g., order Hymenoptera, which include bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets and fire ants) and biting insects (e.g., triatoma, mosquitos), allergen immunotherapy, foods, drugs, diagnostic testing substances (e.g., radiocontrast media) and other allergens, as well as idiopathic anaphylaxis or exercise-induced anaphylaxis. It can be used in severe cases of croup 14. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest 3, 4. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics 19. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths 8. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades 10, 11, 12. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Adrenalin, Allerject, Anapen, Articadent, Astracaine, Auvi-Q, Citanest, Citanest Forte, Emerade, Epipen, Lignospan, Marcaine, Marcaine With Epinephrine, Octocaine, Octocaine With Epinephrine, Orabloc, Scandonest, Sensorcaine, Sensorcaine With Epinephrine, Septanest, Septocaine, Symjepi, Ultacan, Ultracaine, Vivacaine, Xylocaine, Xylocaine With Epinephrine, Zorcaine Generic Name Epinephrine DrugBank Accession Number DB00668 BackgroundĮpinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions.
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